What changes occur in the female reproductive system due to aging?

As women age, particularly as they approach and go through menopause, significant changes occur in the reproductive system. One of the primary changes is that ovulation and the menstrual cycle cease. This process, known as menopause, typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 and marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. During this time, the ovaries produce fewer hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, which are responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle. As a result, menstrual periods become irregular and eventually stop entirely.

The other options do not accurately reflect the changes that occur with aging in the female reproductive system. For example, the menstrual cycle does not continue uninterrupted as women age; rather, it gradually becomes less frequent until it stops completely. Additionally, the size of the ovaries generally decreases with age, contrary to the assertion about increased size. Finally, while some women may experience changes in vaginal strength or elasticity due to decreased estrogen levels, it is not characterized as a strengthening of the vaginal walls but rather can lead to thinning and dryness. Thus, the cessation of ovulation and menstruation is the defining change in the reproductive system with aging.