How long should items be boiled to sterilize them?

Items should be boiled for at least 20 minutes to ensure effective sterilization. Boiling at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) kills most bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. However, the duration is crucial because not all microorganisms are equally resistant to heat. Some spores and more resilient pathogens require a longer exposure time to achieve sterilization.

The 20-minute boiling time allows for a broader safety margin, ensuring that even those tougher microorganisms are eliminated. This practice is especially important in home health care settings, where maintaining a sterile environment is critical for preventing infections and ensuring patient safety. Though shorter boiling times may reduce the microbial load, they may not be sufficient to achieve complete sterilization, especially for high-risk items or in situations where contamination is a significant concern.